Objective To investigate the epidemic of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) in Fujian province, China and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of this disease. Methods The data on the epidemic of HFRS in 2013-2015 in Fujian province were subjected to statistical analysis. Rodents were captured using cages at night, and the population density and community structure of captured rodents was determined. Hantavirus(HV) antigen was detected and identified from rodent lungs by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Results A total of 1 309 cases of HFRS were reported in Fujian in 2013-2015, with an incidence of 1.16/100 000. The cases were widely distributed, county-level cities, or districts. The cases of HFRS were the highest in Shaowu, Jinjiang and Shishi city. The surveillance of rodents showed that the mean population density of rodents was 6.83% indoors, and Rattus norvegicus, which carried Soul virus, was the predominant species. In the mixed epidemic area,the mean population density of rodents was 5.60% in the field, and Apodemus agrarius was the predominant species. HV antigen was detected for the first time from R. norvegicus and R. tanezumi in Yunxiao, Qingliu, and Mingxi counties. Conclusion Rattus norvegicus is still the main host animal of HFRS in Fujian. The incidence of HFRS was at the highest level in 2013-2015 in Fujian, especially in Shaowu city, Songxi, Zhenghe, and Zhouning counties. Rodent control should be well performed, and HFRS bivalent vaccine should be widely used among the high-risk populations, so as to reduce the incidence and prevent the outbreak of HFRS.

Objective To elucidate the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and associated reservoir hosts in Fujian province, China and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of this disease. Methods The data on the epidemic situation of HFRS in Fujian province were subjected to statistical analysis. Rodents were captured using cages at night, and the population density and species composition of captured rodents were determined. Hantavirus antigen was detected and identified from rodent lungs by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Results A total of 373 cases of HFRS were reported in Fujian in 2012, with an incidence of 1.0027/100 000. The cases distributed in 61 counties, county?level cities, or districts, particularly in cities of Nanping, Fuzhou, Quanzhou, and Ningde. The incidence of HFRS was the highest in counties of Songxi, Zhouning, Shaowu, and Zhenghe. The surveillance of rodent populations showed that the mean trap catch rate was 5.32% indoors. The Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus), the reservoir of Soul virus, was the predominant species. In the mixed epidemic area, the mean trap catch rate of rodents was 3.62% in the field, and R. fulvescens was the predominant species. HFRS virus antigen was detected for the first time from R. norvegicus and R. tanezumi in county of Jiangle and R. norvegicus in county of Wuping. Conclusion R. norvegicus is still the main reservoir host of HFRS in Fujian. In 2012, the incidence of HFRS in Fujian increased significantly, especially in counties of Songxi county and Zhouning. Integrated rodent management should be implemented, and HFRS bivalent vaccine should be widely administered among the high risk populations, so as to reduce the incidence and prevent the outbreak of HFRS.

Objective To study the taxonomy of the genus Haemolaelaps from China. Methods The study was conducted by the morphological taxonomy and comparative morphology of the organism. Results Twenty-three species of the genus Haemolaelaps from China were recorded, and a new key to the species of the genus Haemolaelaps was established. Conclusion This study provides the baseline data for the distribution and classification of the genus Haemolaelaps from China.

Objective To investigate the epidemic situation of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Fujian province, China and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of this disease. Methods The data on the epidemic situation of HFRS in Fujian province were subjected to statistical analysis. Rodents were captured using cages at night. The density of captured rodents was calculated, and their species were identified. Hantavirus antigen was detected and identified from rodent lungs by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Results A total of 259 cases of HFRS were reported in Fujian in 2011, with an incidence of 0.70/105. The cases were distributed in 64 counties, county-level cities, or districts, particularly in Nanping, Ningde, Fuzhou, and Quanzhou. The incidence of HFRS was the highest in Songxi county and Zhouning county. The surveillance of rodents showed that the mean density of rodents was 8.22% indoors, and Rattus norvegicus, which carried Soul virus (typeⅡ), was the dominant species. In the mixed epidemic area, the mean density of rodents was 6.53% in the field, and R. fulvescens was the dominant species, followed by Apodemus agrarius, which carried Hantaan virus (type Ⅰ). HFRS virus antigen was first detected from R. norvegicus in Dehua county. Conclusion R. norvegicus is still the main host animal of HFRS in Fujian, and A. agrarius is the main host of HFRS in the field of mixed epidemic area in the northeastern area of Fujian. In 2011, the incidence of HFRS in Fujian increased significantly, especially in Songxi county and Zhouning county. Rodent control should be well performed, and HFRS bivalent vaccine should be widely used among the high-risk population, so as to reduce the incidence and prevent the outbreak of HFRS.

【Abstract】 Objective To understand the pattern of epidemic areas of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Fujian and to provide scientific basis for its prevention and control.  Methods Rats were captured in springs and autumns by live snap method, and its density and specie composition were investigated. The virus antigen from rodent lungs was isolated and identified. Results The dominant species in residential areas was Rattus norvegicus in Rattus type areas and the mixed?type area, which density were 4.91% and 5.73% at home respectively. While in the field, it was Apodemus agrarius with the average density of 12.95%, which was obviously higher in autumn and winter than that in spring. R.norvegicus mainly carried with Type Ⅱ virus, and Ap.agrarius with Type Ⅰvirus. A44 and R50 virus strain were isolated from them, respectively. Conclusion R.norvegicus was still the main host of HFRS in Fujian. Ap.agrarius was the main host in the field in the diversity epidemic area. It should strengthen the surveillance and the control of HFRS in main epidemic areas.

Objective: To detect Orientia tsutsugamushi in Chigger Mites and the specimens collected from the rodents to analyse the epidemic trend of scrub typhus. To evalute the sensitivity and specificity of nested polymerase chain reaction and promote the research in molecular epidemiology of O.tsutsugamushi in the country. Methods: NPCR was used to detect O.tsutsugamushi DNA in Chigger Mites and samples collected from artificial infected mice and field rodents. Two pairs of primer were synthesized on the basis of the DNA sequence from Sta 58kDa group specific antigen gene. Product of PCR amplification was analysed by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. PCR products showed positive for O.tsutsugamushi DNA were further identified by 12% PAGE and PGEM-3Zf(+)/Hae Ⅲ DNA was used as nucleotide molecular weight marker. The result indicated the band is corresponding to a 88bp DNA fragment from Sta 58 kDa gene of O.tsutsugamushi . Result: One of 29 (3.45 %) blood clots and one of 112 (0.98 %) spleen tissue from field rats were positive for 88bp DNA fragment. Eight DNA extracts from 39 (20.5%) chigger mites produced the predicted DNA fragment.The specimens of both blood clots and spleen tissues from the mice at day 3 of postinfection showed negative to the specific PCR product. But positive at day 6 and 9. Conclusion: NPCR has high sensitivity and specificity. Hence. The PCR assay is a useful tool to investigate the natural epidemic foci of scrub typhus.